Foreigners’ crime and punishment: Punitive application of immigration law as a substitute for criminal justice

Notwithstanding claims about the emergence of ‘crimmigration’ systems, immigration law and criminal entail two different sets instruments for authorities to control foreign nationals. Drawing on an analysis removal orders offenders in Finland, this article demonstrates that significant administrative powers enforcement are employed largely autonomously from justice system. Immigration enables police officials issue based fines or penal (suspected) minor offences, without obtaining convictions. In addition disproportionate sanctions nationals, involve a preventive rationale targeting future risks society assumed continuation activities. While courts adjudicate all severe punitive application bypass procedures safeguards, resulting distinct, system visiting third-country